Abanini mizi baseNgangelizwe baqhwayelwa ngaphandle

Amanqaku aphume kweli phephandaba endilithandayo kwaye ndilihlonipha kakhulu ngelokishi iNgangelizwe kulo nyaka uphelileyo ayinyaniso engenakuphikiswa.

Ngamanqaku akhutshwe yintatheli yeli phepha uYolande Feni, nendathi ndambhalela, ndimbulela kwaye ndimncoma ngokudandalazisa esidlangalaleni le meko yale ndawo. Kwaye ndatsho ndamthumelela nembalelwano endayithumela kwikhasi lokunxibelelana lamalungu ezoqeqesho eANC kwisithili seKing Sabatha Dalindyebo, malungu lawo angazange ayonwabele kwaphela imbalelwano yam.

Ndamxelela uFeni ukuba la manqaku akwayimpendulo ngale meko imbi ngolu hlobo yale ndawo nashicilelwe kwakweli phepha. Emva kweenyanga eziliqela wandiphendula ekhala nge ‘censorship’ athi ngunobangela wokungashicilelwa kwamanqaku am.

Ndithi ke ngoku mandilibhalele ngokwam eli phephandaba ndicacisele abantu ngonobangela wale meko ngethemba lokuba iqela eliphetheyo kule ngingqi iANC iyakuyithathela ingqalelo le meko liyilungise njengokuba sisiya kulonyulo loomasipala luka2021.

Inqaku lokuqala elaphuma ngomhla we 07-13 kweyoKwindla elabeka imeko emasikizi yentlalo kamama uZukiswa Ngalo kule lokishi, nengunobangela wokungakhathalelwa ngabasemagunyeni ukuqala kuCeba ukuya kuSodolophu, yimeko yangabom ebonisa ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo nokungathathelwa ntweni kwabantu bale lokishi ngabaphathi ababekwe apha bengengabo abalapha.

Inqaku lesibini elaphuma ngomhla we 18-24 kweyeKhala elalisithi ‘Izitalato zaseNgangelizwe zigcwele intlupheko’, layibhentsisa ngokuphandle indlela ebulewe ngayo yaphela lelokishi yiANC ephetheyo kunye neyabahluthisayo bakwale lokishi. Ilokishi yaseNgangelizwe yeyona lokishi endala yephondo leTranskei elasekwa ngo1878.

Ukukhuselwa ngempumelelo kwengingqi yoMthatha nge26 ka-Agasti 1828 yimpi kaKumkani wabaThembu uNgubengcuka nowamaXhosa uHintsa nge18 000 yamajoni bencediswa yimpi yamaNgesi ayi 10 000 neyayikhokelwa nguCharles Somerset kuhlaselo eyayiphantsi kwalo.

NguMatiwane owayekhokele umkhosi owawunamandla kakhulu owawuhamba utshabalalisa konke wamaNgwane, yaqinisekisa ukusekwa ngokusesikweni kwale ndawo eyayibizwa ngomlambo uMthatha ngoko.

Uthethathethwano phakathi koKumkani uNgangelizwe kaMtirara nelungu lepalamente yeCape uMnu Probart eyaqala ngo1876 yagqitywa ngo1882, yaze yaqinisekisa ukuthengwa nokuqala ukwakhiwa kwedolophu iMthatha.

UMthatha wakhiwa ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa uphuhliso lwamashishini nokuhamba lula kweempahla phakathi kweBritish Cape neBritish Port Natal.

Kolu lwakhiwo lwedolophu entsha yoMthatha kwafuneka impuma yoMthatha, ilokishi iNgangelizwe, nayo ilungiselelwe ukuhlala abantu abazakuthi basebenze kuphuhliso loMthatha.

Yaba ke le lokishi ibizwa ngoKumkani uNgangelizwe kaMtirara wabaThembu, yabe ke nayo ingumhlaba wabaThembu.

AbaThembu ababesele bekhanyiselwe kunazo zonke izizwe zabeNguni kule ngingqi, bamkela zonke ezinye izizwe zama-Afrika nezase-Europe apha eMthatha naseNgangelizwe njengoko amagama ezitalato zaseNgangelizwe echaza oko.

Yiyo lonto kunozinzo olukwibakala eliphezulu apho igama elithi ‘xenophobia’ lingaziwayo khona. Nabafika bezokugeza benezikhundla, bayabukelwa bageze badinwe baphindele apho bavela khona.

Kodwa ke ngenxa yeemfazwe ezilithoba phakathi kwamaXhosa edibene nabaThembu bakhusela umhlaba wabo neenkomo zabo kubelungu ukusukela kunyaka ka 1778 ukuzokuma ngelixesha.

Liqhubekile ukuphalala igazi ngoba ukufika kwabelungu bokuqala eMthatha ngo1882 kwabulawa abelungu abathathu eNgangelizwe, hayi ngaphantsi kwegama lemfazwe, nto leyo eyazala ubutsotsi kule lokishi, ubutsotsi obanabela nakwilokishi yaseBika.

Oku kwakhokelela kuseko lwenkampu yamajoni yokuqala eMthatha ukuze kugcinwe uxolo nozinzo. Idolophu yaseMthatha nelokishi yaseNgangelizwe esele inezixeko zayo ezibizwa ngeKwezi, Ikwezi Ext, Mdlekeza Park, Waterfall Park, Mbuqe Park ne Mbuqe Ext, zindawo ezingasekho phantsi kolawulo lweenkosi koko ziphantsi kolawulo lwabanini mizi.

Yiyo lento thina singabantwana apha, ilokishi iNgangelizwe yayisoloko iphantsi kwamaNgesi awayebeke uMnu Goss ngeminyaka ye1960 ukuya kuzimele weTranskei ngo1976 apho kwaqala ukuphatha umNguni uTata Mgobozi.

Kuphuhliso lwedolophu eMthatha kuye kwamana kudingeka izakhono ezahlukeneyo nemfundo emana inyuka ngokomgangatho kuma-Afrika aseNgangelizwe, kulapho kwakhiwa izikolo ezikumgangatho ophezulu nezikolo zamakhono afunekayo.

Lonto ikhokelele ekubeni umntu waseNgangelizwe aziwe ngemfundo ephezulu nempucuko ekudidi olungazange lwalanywa ngama-Afrika ngaphambili. AbaThembu bayikhokele le nkqubo yomgangatho wempucuko ophezulu.

Ngenxa yezifungo amaMfengu azenza ekufikeni kwawo ngo1835 kumaNgesi awayephantsi koAyliff nathi azigcinisa kwelamaXhosa ekhokhelwa nguMhlambiso, akhawuleza amkeleka kwaye afaka isandla esikhulu kuphuhliso lweNgangelizwe.

Umhlaba wabaThembu ubuphakathi kwemilambo uMbhashe noMthatha, ze kwimpuma yomlambo iMthatha ukuya kuma kumlambo iMzimkhulu kume amaMpondo kaKumkani uFaku. AbaThembu namaMpondo barhwebelene, basebenzisana kakhulu yaze neKumkani yabaThembu uNgubengcuka yazeka iNkosazana uNonesi yamaMpondo eyintombi kaKumkani uFaku.

UNkosazana uNonesi ukhe wayikumkanikazi yamaHala ebaThenjini ukusweleka kwendoda yakhe ebambele unyana uMtirara phakathi kweminyaka ka1832 ukuya kuma ngo1840.

Amaqela ebhola ekhatywayo aseNgangelizwe iTembu Royals nePondo United ayengajongananga nophuhliso lwebhola kuphela, koko nempucuko namasiko oluntu lwezizwe jikelele.

Amaqela aphambili eMzantsi Afrika asele emakhulu kwilizwekazi leAfrika namhlanje ayenezivumelwano neTembu Royals eyakhulisa yachuba uFisher Galo owenyukela kwiDeBafana eKapa waze wayokumela ilizwe loMzantsi Afrika.

UMeshack Mjanqeka noThabo Mngomeni benyukela bade bazinkokheli zeOrlando Pirates noMzantsi Afrika kwibhola ekhatywayo. UMthobeli Zokwe noBernard Ndlovu bona bonyukela kuMaZulu apho nabo babayimpumelelo enkulu.

Ukungena kukaTata Nelson Mandela kubumongameli nasekukhokeleni uMzantsi Afrika ngo1994 kube nomcelimngeni omkhulu kurhulumente wakhe ngenxa yokushiya kwabamhlophe ababenezakhono eziphezulu.

Abantsundu kuMzantsi Afrika wonke babenezakhono zokuzabalaza bengenazo ezokuvala izikhewu ezashiywa ngabamhlophe, kwaye babengenakho ukuligcina eli lizwe kwizinga lehlabathi elabekwa kulo ngabamhlophe. Wanyanzeleka uMandela ukuba azokulanda abantu abanezakhono eMthatha naseNgangelizwe.

Okuhlekisayo ke kukuba abanye abathathwayo bonyuselwa ukuba bayonceda izizwe ePitoli, ngabantu baseNgangelizwe eyangena iANC elulawulweni lweOR Tambo yabagxotha ngenxa yemfundo yabo ephezulu nezakhono, ubuqaba, inzondo nomona kuma-Afrika ewodwa futhi ekusesona sizathu esasusa ezi zizwe kwaseMbo apho inkaba yethu beNguni ikhona.

Wayengekho umlungu eMbo, lo besimanyene simlwa iminyaka engamakhulu amane, kodwa oobawo mkhulu babezintsalu bebaleka abantakwabo.

Uzimele weTranskei owenziwa ukuba abeyimpumelelo ziinkosi, uye waqatsela ngo1974 xa kwakulungiselelwa ulonyulo lovoto lokuzimela kwephandle iTranskei.

Bonke ababechasene nolu lonyulo batshutshiswa ziinkosi ezazifuna ukuhlohla izisu zazo ezilalini baze babalekela kwilokishi iNgangalizwe eyayizimele ilawulwa njengazo zonke iilokishi zoMzantsi Afrika.

Ekuqaleni kuka1975, zonke iititshala neenqununu zezikolo zaseNgangelizwe zanqunyanyiswa zagxothwa zibekwa izityholo ezingekhoyo, kwaze ezindaweni zabo kweziswa oonolali ababezizicatshalala zeenkosi.

Abo nolali bawuthoba bawubulala umgangatho weNgangelizwe noMthatha. Ngokomyalelo weenkosi ezazisebenza noongcothoza, babulawa abantu ababechasene nalo nomgogwana wenkukuleko baze babalekela kule lokishi.

Basetyenzisiwe kakhulu abafazi namantombazana kolu bulawo lwamadoda abo nabantakwabo bethenjiswe ngemisebenzi, ngamafa ezindlu neemali ezizakushiywa ngabafi neembacu. Kwaye benyuselwa nasemisebenzini.

Ukulungiselela unyulo luka1981 apho iTNIP yeenkosi yazithatha zonke izihlalo zepalamente yalo nomgogwana, izicatshalala zeenkosi ezazisebenza eMthatha, zingenayo kwalo mfundo ke phofu, zarhwebela abantu ezazifuna ukubabulala ngaphandle kweNgangelizwe kuba kule lokishi sasizilwela kanobom.

Umntu wayerhwetyelwa kumhlaba wamaMpondo ngoba ngawo ayezalise ubungcothoza ngenxa yokungabinayo imfundo kodwa befuna izikhundla neemali eziphezulu.

Umkhuluwa wam uDewet namanye amaqabane ethu uLeo Xatula noLizo Demand beNgangelizwe unit yomzabalazo, barhwetyelwe baze babulawa kumhlaba wamaMpondo ngo1983.

Mna ndaphepha amatyeli amabini ndirhwetyelwe kwelamaMpondo ngo1979 nango1993 aze amaMpondo abulalana ngokutshisa izindlu ababegqibele ndilele kuzo kanti ndivuke ndemka ngobusuku ngeenyawo.

AmaMpondo angazange azilwe iimfazwe zokukhusela umhlaba wabo kubelungu, ayesele eqale kwamhla mnene ukuthengisa ngomhlaba kumaPhuthukezi namaJamani.

Zathi iinkosi zamaXhosa nabaThembu, uJalamba noLanga noTshatshu, zisakunikezela ngomhlaba kwinkokheli yamaDutch uJoachim van Plettenburg ngonyaka ka1778, amaXhosa nabaThembu bawubuyisela ngenkani lo mhlaba bawaxelela amaDutch ukuba ngumhlaba wabantu lowo kwaye zona iinkosi zigcinele nje abantu umhlaba.

AmaMpondo ke wona athi esakoyikiswa ngogqogqo nokuthathelwa umhlaba ngamaNgesi ngo1890, oyika anikezela ngomhlaba wonke wesizwe sawo zingaphelanga iiveki ezimbini. Wona amaMpondo ayemana enika ukhuseleko kwiinkosi zamaXhosa ezinjengoKreli noMoni wamaBomvana xa babehlaselwa ngamaNgesi.

Ubungcothoza bamaMpondo ngakubelungu buqale ngokuthi esakube onke ama-Africa kweli lizwe ewenze awaphumelela umthetho wokuqala wokuthathelwa kwethu umhlaba owaziwa ngokuba yiGlen Grey ka1894, wona awunyanzelisa kubantu bawo baze bavuzwa ngo1915 ngokunikezwa ulawulo lokuqala olucikicwe ngabamhlophe lweenkosi ukubhangiswa kolawulo lweeMantyi.

Ukusekwa kwamaphandle nguVerwoerd ngo1948 kwamiliselwa kwizifundo zamaBhulu eyakhiwe ngeAfrikaner nationalism esekwe yaqiniswa yinationalism yamaMpondo eyayisekwe ekucumzeni lowo ungahambisaniyo nomthetho wenkosi zamaMpondo.

Yiyo lento oongcothoza bamaMpondo ababulala amanye amaMpondo kwidabi lentaba yaseNgquza ngo1960, bonyuselwa beza eNgangelizwe apho bacumza wonke umXhosa nomThembu owayengahambisani nonomgogwana wenkululeko. Intloko yabangcothoza bamaMpondo yenyuselwa yasiwa ePitoli ngonyaka ka1976.

Isimanga yaba kukuba kwathi kusakusekwa urhulumente weANC ngo1994 lo ngcothoza wabekwa yiANC njengomphathi wesebe likarhulumente e-Eastern Cape jikelele ekwathi emveni koko amaMpondo amwonga ngesikhundla sobusodolophu kowabo eLusikisiki.

Kulapho uthi usakudibanisa ubudlelwane beenkosi noongcothoza borhulumente wengcinezelo ubone ukuba amatyala okubulawa kwabantu bethu kwiindawo ezazineenkosi, asokuze avunjululwe ngempumelelo.

Ndikulandele ukubulawa komkhuluwa uDewet ukuqala kumphathi westishi samapolisa eMthatha, ukuya kwintloko yephondo, ukuya kumphathiswa wamapolisa wesizwe uBheki Cele ndade ndabhalela nomongameli uCyril Ramaphosa apho ndilinde khona.

Ulawulo lweANC ukususela ngo1995 koomasipala basekuhlaleni kwiingingqi zeeOR Tambo neAlfred Nzo eziphethwe ngamaMpondo lusasekelwe phantsi kwaba ngcothoza, neenkosi nezicatshalala zazo nanamhla oku. Bahlala bekhwina oosputsu abanyolukileyo kumaXhosa nabaThembu, ngakumbi abaThembu bakaMvelase ababaleka uShaka nenkosi yabo uNgozi.

Utyiwo lwemali nokuqashana ngokwazana kwabo ngenjongo yokuthatha yonke imali ejongene nophuhliso lweNgangelizwe bayokwabelana ngayo ezilalini neenkosi zabo lubonakalo ngeendlela ezimbi zale lokishi ezagqityelwa ukuhoywa ngaphambi kokungena kwe-ANC elulawulweni.

ENgangelizwe abanolali banomntu abambeke bembhatala njengekomiti yewadi kodwa awekho amanye amalungu eekomiti zezi zitalato ekufanele ukuba zenze ikomiti yewadi.

UCeba, naye wasezilalini ohlohla isisu senkosi, usebenza nalo mntu omnye oyikomiti yewadi eyedwa ukuhlisa ngemilenze yonke imali yophuhliso lweNgangelizwe kunye nokutya kwabo bahluphekayo okukhutshwa ngurhulumente.

Yiyo lento umama uNgalo namakhulu abanye abafana naye kule lokishi behlupheka ngolu hlobo, kwaye yiyo nalento le lokishi ivuthuluke yaphela ngolu hlobo.

Kwintlanganiso apho endandibeka khona le meko, ndathi ndisakucebisa ngokumiliselwa kweekomiti zezitalato emazijongane nentlalo yabahlali kwaye ndisithi akukho amakavunyelwe azigqatsele ubuceba engakhange abelilungu lekomiti yesitalato elibenempumelelo kuqala, ndahlaliswa phantsi yinkokheli ye-ANC eKSD ehlala ezilalini yona kuqala. Abafuni nokuzibona iikomiti zabantu abangabanini mizi.

Bazisa oonolali bazokurenta kule lokishi baze babonyulele kwizikhundla zokuphatha abanini mizi yaseNgangelizwe.

*Ezi zimvo zika Gqirha Mbanguta azibhale ngengomhlali wase Mthatha oxhalabileyo.